Noma kombucha Isuka e-China eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule, leli tiye elivutshiwe lisanda kuthola ukuduma ngenxa yezinzuzo zalo zezempilo ezingaba khona.
Itiye Kombucha inikeza izinzuzo zezempilo ezifanayo njengokuphuza itiye elimnyama noma eliluhlaza, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngama-probiotics anempilo.
Nokho, ukuphepha ukusetshenziswa kombucha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi ukuncelisa ibele kuyimpikiswano impela.
Lesi sihloko sihlola i- kombucha kanye nezinkinga ezingaba khona ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa.
Iyini i-Kombucha?
I-Kombucha isiphuzo esivutshiwe esivame ukwenziwa ngetiye elimnyama noma eliluhlaza.
Inqubo yokulungiselela i-kombucha ingahluka. Nokho, ngokuvamile kuyinqubo yokuvutshelwa kabili.
Imvamisa, i-SCOBY (isicaba, isiko eliyindilinga lebhaktheriya nemvubelo) ifakwa etiyeni elimnandi bese ivutshelwa endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni amasonto ambalwa (1).
Le kombucha bese idluliselwa emabhodleleni futhi iyekwe ukuthi ibile amasonto angu-1-2 engeziwe ukuze isha, okuholela esiphuzweni esimnandi, esimuncu kancane, esiqabulayo.
Ukusuka lapho, i kombucha ngokuvamile igcinwa esiqandisini ukuze kunciphe inqubo yokuvutshelwa kanye ne-carbonation.
Ungathola i- kombucha ezitolo zokudla, kodwa abanye abantu bakhethe ukuziphekela kombucha ngokwabo, okudinga ukulungiswa nokuqapha ngokucophelela.
Kombucha isanda kwandisa ukuthengiswa kwayo ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zezempilo ezicatshangwayo. Kungumthombo omuhle wama-probiotics, ahlinzeka ngamathumbu akho ngamagciwane anempilo (2).
Ama-probiotics ahlotshaniswa nezinzuzo zezempilo ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukugaya, ukuncipha kwesisindo, ngisho nokusiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala kwesistimu (3, 4, 5).
I-Sumumé I-Kombucha iyitiye elivutshiwe, ngokuvamile elenziwa ngetiye eliluhlaza noma elimnyama. Ithole ukuthandwa eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zezempilo ezingaba khona, ikakhulukazi okuqukethwe kwayo kwe-probiotic.
Ukukhathazeka mayelana nokusetshenziswa Kombucha ngesikhathi se ukukhulelwae noma ukuncelisa
isixhumanisi ukuthi kombucha inezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo, ezinye izinto kufanele zikhunjulwe ngaphambi kokuyidla ngesikhathi ukukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa.
Iqukethe utshwala
Inqubo yokuvutshelwa kwetiye kombucha kubangela ukukhiqizwa kwenani elincane lotshwala (6, 7).
Le Kombucha esidayiselwa ukuthengisa njengesiphuzo "esinganabo utshwala" sisaqukethe utshwala obuncane kakhulu, kodwa asikwazi ukuqukatha ngaphezu kuka-0,5% ngokwemithethonqubo yeTobacco Tax and Alcohol Trade Bureau (TTB) (8).
Utshwala obungu-0,5% abuningi, bulingana nobhiya abaningi abanganabo utshwala.
Kodwa-ke, izinhlangano zikahulumeni ziyaqhubeka nokuncoma umkhawulo ophelele wokuphuza utshwala phakathi nawo wonke ama-trimesters onyaka. ukukhulelwa. I-CDC nayo isho lokho bonke izinhlobo zotshwala zingaba yingozi ngendlela efanayo (9).
Ukwengeza, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kombucha okukhiqizwa abaphisi botshwala basekhaya kuvame ukuba notshwala obuphezulu, obunye buqukethe kufikela ku-3% (6, 10).
Utshwala bungadlulela obisini lwebele uma luphuzwa ngumama oluncelisayo (11).
Ngokuvamile, kuthatha umzimba wakho ihora eli-1 kuye kwayi-2 ukuze ugaye uketshezi olulodwa (ama-ounces angu-12 kabhiya, ama-ounces angu-5 ewayini, noma ama-ounces angu-1,5 otshwala) (12).
Nakuba inani lotshwala elitholakala ku- kombucha Nakuba kuncane kakhulu kunokunikezwa kotshwala, kusafanele kucatshangelwe ngoba izingane zigaya utshwala ngenani eliphansi kakhulu kunabantu abadala (13).
Ngakho-ke, kungase kungabi umqondo omubi ukulinda isikhashana ngaphambi kokuncelisa ngemva kokudla okuthile kombucha.
Imiphumela yokuphuza utshwala ngamanani amancane ngesikhathi ukukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa ibele akukanqunywa. Nokho, ngokungaqiniseki kuhlale kunengozi.
Ayinamagciwane
I-Pasteurization iyindlela yokwelapha ukushisa iziphuzo nokudla ukuze kuqedwe amagciwane ayingozi afana ne-listeria ne-salmonella.
lapho kombucha isesimweni sayo esimsulwa, ayizange ifakwe i-pasteurized.
I-FDA incoma ukuthi ugweme imikhiqizo engagcotshwanga ngesikhathi ukukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ubisi, ushizi othambile, namajusi aluhlaza, njengoba kungase kube namagciwane ayingozi (14, 15).
Ukuchayeka kumagciwane ayingozi, njenge-listeria, kungalimaza abesifazane abakhulelwe nezingane zabo, okuhlanganisa nokwandisa ingozi yokuphuphuma kwesisu kanye nokubeletha (15, 16).
Ingangcoliswa amagciwane ayingozi
Noma kombucha kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kwenzeke kuneziphuzo ezilungiselelwe ukuhweba, kungenzeka ukuthi kombucha noma angcoliswe amagciwane ayingozi.
Ngeshwa, indawo efanayo edingekayo ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-probiotics anobungane futhi azuzisayo kombucha iyindawo efanayo lapho amagciwane ayingozi kanye namagciwane achuma khona (17, 18).
Yingakho kubalulekile ukulungiselela kombucha ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlanzeka futhi uyiphathe ngendlela efanele.
Iqukethe i-caffeine
Kusukela kombucha ngokwesiko ilungiswa ngetiye eliluhlaza noma elimnyama, liqukethe i-caffeine. I-caffeine iyisikhuthazi futhi ingawela ngokukhululekile i-placenta futhi ingene egazini lomntwana.
Inani le-caffeine equkethwe kuyo kombucha kuyahlukahluka, kodwa kufanele ukucabangele lokhu, ikakhulukazi ngoba umzimba wakho uthatha isikhathi eside ukucubungula caffeine ngesikhathi ukukhulelwa (19, 20).
Ukwengeza, komama abancelisa ibele, iphesenti elincane le-caffeine ligcina obisini lwebele (21, 22).
Uma ungumama oncelisayo futhi udla i-caffeine eningi, ingane yakho ingase icasuke futhi ibangele ukuphaphama (23, 24).
Ngalesi sizathu, abesifazane abakhulelwe nabancelisayo bayelulekwa ukuthi banciphise ukudla kwabo okune-caffeine kungabi ngaphezu kwama-200 mg ngosuku (25).
Ucwaningo oluningi lubonisa ukuthi ukuphuza i-caffeine ngokulinganisela ngesikhathi ukukhulelwa iphephile futhi ayinayo imiphumela elimazayo kumbungu (26).
Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-caffeine okwenyuka kungaxhunyaniswa nemiphumela emibi, kuhlanganise nokuphuphuma kwesisu, isisindo sokuzalwa esiphansi, nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (27, 28).
I-Sumumé I-Kombucha ingase ingabi isiphuzo esiphephe kunazo zonke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa ngenxa yotshwala kanye ne-caffeine kanye nokuntuleka kokufakwa kwe-pasteurization. Ukwengeza, i-kombucha, ikakhulukazi uma yenziwe ekhaya, ingangcoliswa.
Umphumela wokugcina
I-Kombucha isiphuzo esivutshiwe esicebile ngama-probiotics anezinzuzo ezithile zezempilo.
Nokho, uma kuziwa ekuphuzeni kombucha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma lapho uncelisa, kunezingozi ezithile ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe.
Nakuba zingekho izifundo ezinkulu ngemiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwe kombucha ngesikhathi se ukukhulelwa, kungase kube ngcono ukukugwema kombucha ngesikhathi se ukukhulelwa kanye nokuncelisa ibele ngenxa yotshwala obuncane, okuqukethwe kwe-caffeine kanye nokuntuleka kwe-pasteurization.
Ekugcineni, ukwakheka kwe-microbiological yaleli tiye elibilile kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze kuqondwe ngokugcwele izinzuzo nokuphepha kwalo.
Uma ufuna ukwengeza ukudla kwe-probiotic ekudleni kwakho ngesikhathi ukukhulelwa noma ukuncelisa, zama iyogathi enamasiko aphilayo asebenzayo, i-kefir eyenziwe ngobisi olungenayo i-pasteurized, noma ukudla okuvutshelwe njenge-sauerkraut.