Okufanele ukwenze ngesinkwa uma ubona isikhunta kuso kuyindida evamile yasekhaya. Ufuna ukuphepha kodwa ungamoshi ngokungadingekile.
Ungase uzibuze ukuthi ingabe amabala afiphele esikhunta aphephile yini ukuthi angadliwa, uma engase asuswe, noma uma esinye isinkwa siphephile ukuthi singadliwa uma singekho isikhunta esibonakalayo.
Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi siyini isikhunta, kungani sikhula esinkwa, nokuthi kuphephile yini ukudla isinkwa esikhuntile.
Uhlu lokuqukethwe
Kuyini isikhunta sesinkwa?
Isikhunta siyisikhunta esivela emndenini ofanayo namakhowe. Isikhunta siphila ngokuphuka nokumunca imisoco entweni ezikhula ngayo, njengesinkwa.
Izingxenye ezifiphele zesikhunta ozibona esinkwa zingamaqoqo ezinhlamvu - yile ndlela ukhunta oluzala ngayo. Ama-spores angahamba emoyeni ngaphakathi kwephakheji futhi akhule kwezinye izingxenye zephakheji ().
Yibo abanikeza isikhunta umbala wayo: omhlophe, ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani, ompunga noma omnyama, kuye ngohlobo lwesikhunta.
Kodwa-ke, awukwazi ukukhomba uhlobo lwesikhunta ngombala wodwa, ngoba umbala wamabala ungashintsha ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhulayo ezihlukene futhi ungashintshashintsha phakathi nomjikelezo wokuphila wesikhunta ().
Izinhlobo zesikhunta ezikhula esinkwa zihlanganisa I-Aspergillus, I-Penicillium, I-Fusarium, I-Mucorfuthi I-Rhizopus. Ukwengeza, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zalolu hlobo lwamakhowe ().
I-Sumumé
Isikhunta siyisikhunta futhi izinhlamvu zaso zibonakala njengezimila ezingaqondakali esinkwa. Izinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zingangcolisa isinkwa.
Ungadli isikhunta esinkwa
ukudla, njengezinhlobo ezisetshenziswe ngamabomu ukwenza ushizi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Nokho, isikhunta esingakhula esinkwaneni sisinika ukunambitheka okungajabulisi futhi singaba yingozi empilweni yakho.
Akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi hlobo luni lwesikhunta esikhula esinkwa sakho ngokusibheka nje, ngakho-ke kungcono ukucabanga ukuthi siyingozi futhi ungasidli ().
Ukwengeza, gwema ukuhogela isinkwa esikhuntile, njengoba ungase uhogele izinhlamvu ze-fungus. Uma ungezwani nesikhunta, ukuhogela kungadala izinkinga zokuphefumula, okuhlanganisa isifuba somoya ( asthma ) ().
Abantu abangezwani nesikhunta esihogeliwe bangase babhekane nokusabela okulimazayo - okuhlanganisa i-anaphylaxis esongela ukuphila - uma beyisebenzisa ekudleni. Nokho, lokhu kubonakala kuyivelakancane (, , ).
Okokugcina, abantu abanamasosha omzimba abuthakathaka, isibonelo ngenxa yesifo sikashukela esingalawuleki kahle, basengozini yokungenwa izifo zokuhogela. I-Rhizopus ngesinkwa. Nakuba kungavamile, lokhu kutheleleka kungase kubulale (, ).
I-Sumumé
Isikhunta sinikeza isinkwa ukunambitheka okungajabulisi, kungabangela ukungezwani komzimba futhi kubangele izifo eziyingozi, ikakhulukazi uma unesimiso sokuzivikela ezifweni esibuthakathaka. Ngakho-ke, akufanele nanini ukudle noma ukuhogela.
Ungazami ukuhlenga isinkwa esikhuntile
I-Food Safety and Inspection Service yoMnyango Wezolimo wase-United States (i-USDA) yeluleka ukulahla sonke isinkwa uma sesikhule isikhunta ().
Nakuba ungase ubone izindawo ezimbalwa zesikhunta, izimpande zaso ezincane kakhulu zingasakazeka ngokushesha ngesinkwa esinezimbotshana. Ngakho-ke, ungazami ukukhuhla isikhunta noma uhlenge sonke isinkwa sakho.
Ezinye isikhunta singakhiqiza ubuthi obuyingozi, obungabonakali obubizwa ngokuthi . Lezi zingasakazeka ngesinkwa, ikakhulukazi uma ukukhula kwesikhunta kubalulekile ().
Ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwe-mycotoxins kungadala ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla noma ezinye izifo. Lobu buthi bungenza nezilwane zigule, ngakho-ke ungaphakeli izilwane zakho ezifuywayo isinkwa esingcolile (, , ).
Ukwengeza, i-mycotoxins ingaba nomthelela omubi empilweni yakho yamathumbu, mhlawumbe ngokushintsha ukwakheka kwamagciwane ahlala emathunjini akho (, ).
Ukwengeza, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kuma-mycotoxin athile, kuhlanganisa ne-aflatoxin ekhiqizwa izinhlobo ezithile ze I-Aspergillus - kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yomdlavuza (,,,).
I-Sumumé
I-USDA yeluleka ukulahla sonke isinkwa uma ithuthukise isikhunta, njengoba izimpande zayo zingasakazeka ngokushesha ngesinkwa sakho. Ukwengeza, izinhlobo ezithile zamakhowe zikhiqiza ubuthi obuyingozi.
Indlela Yokuvimbela Isikhunta Ekukhuleni Esinkwa
Ngaphandle kwama-preservatives, impilo yeshalofu yesinkwa esigcinwe ekamelweni lokushisa ngokuvamile siyizinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine ().
Ama-preservatives nezinye izithako, kanye nezindlela ezithile zokuphatha isinkwa nezindlela zokulondoloza, kungavimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta.
Izithako ezivimbela isikhunta
Isinkwa esikhiqizwe ngobuningi esitolo ngokuvamile siqukethe izinto zokulondolozwa kwamakhemikhali, okuhlanganisa i-calcium propionate ne-sorbic acid, evimbela isikhunta ekukhuleni (, ).
Nokho, inani elikhulayo labantu likhetha isinkwa esinezithako ezihlanzekile, okungukuthi, isinkwa esenziwe ngaphandle kwezivimbelakuvunda zamakhemikhali ().
Enye indlela ukusebenzisa amagciwane e-lactic acid, akhiqiza ama-acids avimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta ngokwemvelo. Njengamanje, lezi zivame ukusetshenziselwa isinkwa esimuncu (, , ).
Uviniga nezinongo ezithile, njengama-clove, nakho kungadala ukukhula kwesikhunta. Nokho, izinongo zingashintsha ukunambitheka nephunga lesinkwa, ngakho ukusetshenziswa kwazo ngale njongo kulinganiselwe ().
Amathiphu Okuphatha Nokugcina Isinkwa
Izinhlamvu ezivamile zokukhunta ngokuvamile azikwazi ukuphila lapho zibhakwa, kodwa isinkwa singacosha kalula izinhlamvu emoyeni ngemva kokubhaka - isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokusika nokusonga ().
Lezi zinhlamvu zingaqala ukukhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, njengekhishi elifudumele nelinomswakama.
Ukuvimbela isikhunta ekukhuleni esinkwa, ungakwazi (, ):
- Gcina yomile. Uma ubona umswakama obonakalayo ngaphakathi kwephakethe lesinkwa, sebenzisa ithawula lephepha noma indwangu ehlanzekile ukuze usule iphakheji ngaphambi kokulivala. Umswakama ukhuthaza ukukhula kwesikhunta.
- Ikhava. Gcina isinkwa simboziwe, njengalapho usikhonza, ukuze usivikele ezinhlamvu ezisemoyeni. Kodwa-ke, ukuze ugweme isinkwa esimuncu nesikhunta, ungapakishi isinkwa esisha kuze kube yilapho sesipholile ngokuphelele.
- Yifrize. Nakuba isiqandisi sibambezela ukukhula kwesikhunta, kwenza nesinkwa some. Ukuqandisa isinkwa kumisa ukukhula ngaphandle kokushintsha ukuthungwa kakhulu. Hlukanisa izingcezu ngephepha le-wax ukuze kube lula ukunqanda okudingayo.
isinkwa sisengozini enkulu ekukhuleni kwesikhunta ngoba ngokuvamile sinomswakama ophezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kwezivimbelakuvunda zamakhemikhali. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuvame ukuthengiswa eqandisiwe ().
Ezinye izinkwa zivikelwe ngokupakishwa okukhethekile esikhundleni sezilondolozi. Isibonelo, ukuvala i-vacuum kususa umoya-mpilo, odingekayo ekukhuleni kwesikhunta. Nokho, lesi sinkwa sithambekele ekungcoleni ngemva kokuvula iphakheji ().
I-Sumumé
Ukuvimbela ukukhula kwesikhunta, ama-preservatives amakhemikhali ngokuvamile asetshenziswa esinkwa. Ngaphandle kwabo, isinkwa ngokuvamile siqala ukuthuthukisa ukhunta phakathi kwezinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine. Ukuqandisa isinkwa kuvimbela ukukhula.
Iphuzu elibalulekile
Akufanele udle isikhunta esinkwa noma isinkwa esinamabala abonakalayo. Izimpande zesikhunta zingasakazeka ngokushesha esinkwa, ngisho noma ungaziboni.
Ukudla isinkwa esikhuntile kungakugulisa, kanti ukuhogela izinhlamvu kungadala izinkinga zokuphefumula uma ungezwani nesikhunta.
Zama ukuqandisa isinkwa ukuze uvimbele isikhunta.
