Ukulutha Kwensangu: Abacwaningi bagxile ezifundazweni lapho insangu yokuzilibazisa ivunyelwe ngokomthetho.
- Okusha cwaningo ithola ukuthi ukulutheka kunyukile entsheni ehlala ezifundazweni lapho insangu yokuzijabulisa isemthethweni.
- Izinga lokulutheka lilonke lihlala liphansi, kodwa okutholakele kuyakhathaza ochwepheshe.
- Ukwengeza, ochwepheshe bafunda kabanzi ngemiphumela emibi yezempilo yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-cannabis.
Ukulutha insangu
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Njengoba insangu yokuzijabulisa yayisemthethweni ezifundazweni eziningana, ochwepheshe baye bazibuza ukuthi izinga lokulutheka lizoqala ukwenyuka yini.
Manje ucwaningo olusha luthola ukuthi ukulutheka kunyukile phakathi kwentsha ehlala ezifundazweni lapho i-cannabis yokuzijabulisa isemthethweni, yize ihlala iphansi ngokuphelele.
Isifo sokusetshenziswa kwensangu (CUD) phakathi kwezingane ezineminyaka engu-12-17 senyuke ngo-25% ezifundazweni ezisemthethweni selokhu yagunyazwa ukusetshenziswa kwezokungcebeleka, sisuka ku-2,18% saya ku-2,72%.
Kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-26, ukusetshenziswa kwensangu kwakuphakeme ngo-26% ezifundazweni ezivumela ukusetshenziswa kokuzijabulisa uma kuqhathaniswa nalezo ezingazange.
Ukusetshenziswa njalo kukhuphuke ngo-23% kanti ukuphazamiseka kwe-cannabis kukhuphuke ngo-37% eqenjini elifanayo leminyaka, kusuka ku-0,90% kuya ku-1,23%.
I-CUD yaziwa nangokuthi umlutha wensangu.
Lokhu kunyuka okufanayo akuzange kubonakale kubantu abaneminyaka engu-18 kuya ku-25.
Yize inani eliphelele le-CUD lihleli liphansi, ucwaningo luphendula imibuzo ethile mayelana nomthelela wokugunyazwa kwensangu emazingeni okulutha.
Ucwaningo lwenziwe ithimba elivela e-Columbia University School of Public Health kanye ne-NYU Grossman School of Medicine, futhi lanyatheliswa ku-JAMA Psychiatry.
Insangu idliwe ngezibalo
I-CUD ingase ihlotshaniswe nemithelela emibi yesikhathi eside yezempilo, ezomnotho nezenhlalo, kusho umlobi oholayo uDkt. Silvia S. Martins, uprofesa ohlangene e-Columbia University.
Ithimba likaMartins libheke imininingwane yabantu abangu-505 abavela kuNhlolovo Kazwelonke Yokusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa Nezempilo. Baqhathanise idatha evela e-Colorado, Washington, Alaska nase-Oregon - izifunda ezine zokuqala ezigunyaza insangu yezokungcebeleka ibe semthethweni - nalezo ezivela ezifundazweni ezingazange ziyigunyaze.
Idatha yaqoqwa phakathi kuka-2008 no-2016. Babheke amaqembu eminyaka yobudala elandelayo: 12 kuya ku-17, 18 kuya ku-25, kanye no-26 nangaphezulu. Insangu yokuzilibazisa yavunyelwa ngokomthetho eColorado naseWashington ngo-2012; e-Alaska ngo-2014 nase-Oregon ngo-2014. Kuze kube manje, izifunda ezingu-11 zase-U.S. kanye ne-Washington, DC, ziye zagunyaza insangu yokuzijabulisa ngokusemthethweni. Kusemthethweni ngokwezinjongo zezokwelapha ezifundazweni ezingama-33.
Ithimba alizange lihlukanise ukuthi abasebenzisi bathatha insangu ngokuzilibazisa noma ngokwezokwelapha. Olunye ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi abanye abasebenzisi bezidakamizwa babuye bayisebenzise ngokuzijabulisa. Ngakho-ke kunzima ukusho ukuthi i-CUD ivame kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi bezokungcebeleka kunabasebenzisi bemithi, kusho uMartins.
Ucwaningo lwangaphambili lwango-2019 lwathola ukuthi i-CUD yayivame kakhulu phakathi kwabasebenzisi bezokungcebeleka nabezokwelapha kunaphakathi kwalabo ababeyisebenzisa ngokuzijabulisa kuphela.
Abantu abaningi badinga ukwazi nge-CUD, kodwa futhi badinga ukwazi ukuthi abasebenzisi abaningi bensangu ngeke bathuthukise i-CUD, kusho uMartins.
Imiphumela yokusetshenziswa okuyinkinga
I-CUD iyiphethini eyinkinga yokusetshenziswa kwensangu ebangela ukonakala okubalulekile emtholampilo noma ukucindezeleka. Ukuxilongwa kuhilela ukuhambisana nemibandela eminingana esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyi-12.
Njengoba ucwaningo selukhombisile ukusetshenziswa okuvamile nokunezinkinga kuwo wonke amaqembu eminyaka yobudala, imizamo yokugunyazwa kufanele yenziwe kanye noxhaso lokuvikela nokwelashwa, esho.
Izimpawu zokuqala ze-CUD zihlanganisa ukuthola, ukusebenzisa, kanye nokunqoba imiphumela yomuthi. Umuntu one-CUD angase aqale ukusebenzisa eyedwa esikhundleni sokusebenzisa umphakathi. Bangakwazi ukugwema izindawo ezithile lapho bengakwazi ukuyisebenzisa, noma bagweme abanye ekuphikisaneni nokusetshenziswa kwabo. Ukukhubazeka kwenkumbulo, kanye nokuphutha emsebenzini noma isikhathi sesikole, kungase kuvame kakhulu.
Ngokuvamile kuba nzima kakhulu ukubona umuntu one-CUD uma kuqhathaniswa nomuntu one-opioid noma ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngenxa yokuthi mancane amathuba okuthi aphuze ngokweqile noma aboshwe ngenxa yokushayela ephuzile.” 'ukudakwa, kwengeza uDkt. i-psychiatry e-Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. E-Boston.
Awukho umuthi otholakalayo wokwelapha ngempumelelo i-CUD.
UDeborah Hasin, Ph.D., uprofesa e-Columbia University, uthi lushoda ulwazi mayelana namathuba okuthi amaqembu athile athuthuke iCUD ngenxa yokushintsha kwemithetho yensangu.
Imibono ye-CUD
Intsha kudingeka yazi ukuthi ukuluthwa insangu kungayivimbela ekufinyeleleni izinyathelo ezibalulekile ekuphileni kwayo, kusho uJohn F. Kelly, PhD, uprofesa wezifo zengqondo eHarvard Medical School.
“Njenganoma yisiphi isidakamizwa, okuhlanganisa notshwala, ezinye zisengozini kakhulu emiphumeleni yaso kunezinye ngokofuzo, kanti ezinye zizoncika kuzo, kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu,” kwengeza uKelly.
Cishe amaphesenti angu-1,5 abantu abadala abavamile e-United States ayehlangabezana nemibandela yokuba ne-CUD. Enye idatha ibonise ukuthi iyehla.
Abantu abayiboni insangu njengeluthayo ngenxa yokuthi abantu abane-CUD abanayo imiphumela ebalulekile, ngisho esongela ukuphila, yokuhoxa njengemilutha yotshwala noma imilutha ye-opiate, kusho uDkt. J. Wesley Boyd, uprofesa ohambisana noprofesa wezifo zengqondo e-Harvard Medical School.
UBoyd akazange amangale ukuthi abantu abaningi bebesebenzisa insangu ngesikhathi isemthethweni. Ukwenyuka kokusetshenziswa kwensangu kungahlotshaniswa nokuncipha kokusetshenziswa kwezinye izinto eziyingozi, kusho yena. Uma abantu, ngokwesibonelo, beshintsha omunye noma wonke ugwayi kanye/noma ukusetshenziswa kotshwala ngensangu, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwensangu empeleni kungase kube umphumela omuhle wokugunyazwa ngokusemthethweni. Ngokombono wezempilo yomphakathi, uBoyd ukholelwa ukuthi i-nicotine notshwala kuyingozi kakhulu kune-cannabis. Kodwa insangu ingaba umlutha futhi ibe yingozi, waphawula.
“Kodwa ukuba umlutha kusho okungaphezu nje kokuba nemiphumela emibi yokuhoxa,” kusho uBoyd.
Eminye Imiphumela Emibi Yensangu
Nakuba i-CUD phakathi kwentsha ikhula, uBoyd wajabula ukuthola ukuthi wawungekho umehluko omkhulu ezifundeni lapho yayisemthethweni khona.
"Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cannabis, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kakhulu, kuyingozi kakhulu ekukhuleni kobuchopho," kusho uBoyd.
"Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sidakamizwa kuyalutha ngempela, kungalimaza kakhulu ukukhula kobuchopho, kwandisa ingozi yokugula ngengqondo okukhulu, futhi kungase kubikezele ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa esikhathini esizayo," kusho uKevin Sabet, PhD, umongameli we-Smart Approaches to Marijuana.
“Siyazi ukuthi uma umuntu esemncane uma eqala ukuyisebenzisa, maningi amathuba okuthi abe imilutha,” usho kanje.
Udokotela Ohlinzayo WaseMelika uJerome Adams uthe cishe osemusha oyedwa kwabahlanu oqala ukusebenzisa insangu esemncane uzoba umlutha.
Umphumela wakamuva we-CUD ukuhlanza okungalawuleki, okwaziwa nge-cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome.
Ukwenziwa kwensangu ngokujwayelekile “kuyisiqalo nje sezinkinga zempilo ezintsha,” kusho uSabet.
Abasebenzisi bezokungcebeleka nabezokwelapha bobabili basengozini yokuthola ukulutheka, njengoba zombili izimakethe zikhuthaza kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo enamandla ngokwedlulele, kusho u-Sabet.
I-Sabet ifuna ukuthi kwenziwe okwengeziwe ukuze kuxwayiswe umphakathi jikelele ngezingozi ezikhona ekusetshenzisweni kwensangu.
"Abantu kumele baqonde ukuthi bavame ukufunzwa amanga kanye nombhedo ovela embonini yensangu nokuthi badinga ukwenza okwengeziwe ukunqanda imizamo yokugunyazwa ezifundazweni zabo kanye nasezingeni likahulumeni," kusho uSabet.
Ezihlokweni ezihlobene, ucwaningo olwethulwe ku-American Heart Association Scientific Sessions lubonise ukuthi abantu abasha abane-CUD basengozini enkulu yezinkinga zesigqi senhliziyo.
