Iwayini ebomvu: ilungile okanye imbi
Yintoni iwayini ebomvu kwaye yenziwa njani?
I-paradox yesiFrentshi
Iwayini ebomvu ihlala ithathwa njengoxanduva "kwi-French paradox."
Eli binzana libhekisela ekuqwalaseleni ukuba amaFrentshi anezinga eliphantsi lesifo senhliziyo, nangona i-cholesterol ephezulu kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-cholesterol ().
Ezinye iingcaphephe zazikholelwa ukuba iwayini ebomvu yayiyeyona arhente yokutya ikhusela abemi baseFransi ekonakaleni kwezi zondlo.
Nangona kunjalo, uphando olutsha luye lwabonisa ukuba i-cholesterol yokutya kunye nesifo senhliziyo zivela kumafutha ahluthayo, xa zisetyenziswe ngomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo (, ).
Esona sizathu sempilo entle yamaFrentshi mhlawumbi yinto yokuba batya kakhulu kwaye baphila impilo esempilweni.
Isiphelo:
Abanye bakholelwa ukuba iwayini ebomvu ibangela ukuba abemi baseFransi babe sempilweni yaye yeyona nkcazelo iphambili yesiFrentshi.
Iwayini ebomvu iqulethe iikhompawundi zezityalo ezinamandla kunye ne-antioxidants, kuquka i-resveratrol
Iidiliya zizityebi kwii-antioxidants ezininzi. Ezi ziquka i-resveratrol, i-catechin, i-epicatechin, kunye ne-proanthocyanidins ().
Ezi antioxidants, ngakumbi i-resveratrol kunye ne-proanthocyanidins, kukholelwa ukuba zinoxanduva lwezempilo zewayini ebomvu.
Iproanthocyanidins inokunciphisa umonakalo owenziwe nge-oxidative emzimbeni. Basenokunceda ukukhusela isifo senhliziyo kunye nomhlaza (,,,).
IResveratrol ifumaneka elukhumbeni lomdiliya. Iveliswa kwezinye izityalo, ngokuphendula umonakalo okanye ukulimala ().
Le antioxidant idityaniswe kwiinzuzo ezininzi zempilo, kubandakanywa ukulwa nokudumba kunye negazi, kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo kunye nomhlaza. I-Resveratrol inokwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwezilwanyana zasebhubhoratri (, , ).
Nangona kunjalo, umxholo we-resveratrol wewayini ebomvu uphantsi. Kuya kufuneka utye iibhotile ezininzi ngosuku ukufikelela kwisixa esisetyenziswa kwizifundo zezilwanyana. Oku akukhuthazwa, ngenxa yezizathu ezicacileyo (,).
Ukuba usela iwayini kuphela kumxholo wayo we-resveratrol, ukuyifumana kwisongezelelo kunokuba ngumbono ongcono.
Isiphelo:
Iikhompawundi zesityalo esinamandla kwiwayini ebomvu zidityaniswe neenzuzo ezininzi zempilo, kubandakanya ukudumba okuncitshisiweyo, umngcipheko ophantsi wesifo sentliziyo kunye nomhlaza, kunye nobomi obude.
Iwayini ebomvu inokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi kunye nokufa kwangaphambi kwexesha
Amanani amancinci ewayini ebomvu adibaniswa neenzuzo ezininzi zempilo kunanoma yiphi na enye isiselo esinxilisayo (, , ).
Kubonakala ngathi kukho igophe elimilise ngoJ elichaza ubudlelwane phakathi kokusetyenziswa kwewayini kunye nobungozi besifo sentliziyo.
Abantu abasela malunga ne-150 ml (5 oz) yewayini ebomvu ngosuku babonakala benomngcipheko ophantsi wama-32% kunabangaseli.
Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo (,).
Ukusela intwana yewayini ebomvu kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo ngokunceda ukugcina i-cholesterol “elungileyo” ye-HDL egazini. Ukulimala kwe-oxidative kunye ne-oxidation ye-cholesterol "embi" ye-LDL nayo ingancitshiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% (,,,,).
Olunye uphononongo lubonisa ukuba abantu abasele besengozini enkulu yesifo sentliziyo, njengabantu abadala, banokuzuza ngakumbi ekusetyenzisweni kwewayini okuphakathi ().
Ukongezelela, ukusela i-1 kwiiglasi ze-3 zewayini ebomvu ngosuku, iintsuku ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 ngeveki, kunokunciphisa umngcipheko we-stroke kumadoda aphakathi (, ).
Uphononongo lukwabonise ukuba ukusela iiglasi ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3 zewayini ebomvu enxilisayo ngosuku kunokwehlisa uxinzelelo lwegazi ().
Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba abasela iwayini abalinganiselayo banomngcipheko ophantsi wokufa ngenxa yesifo senhliziyo kunabo abangaselanga okanye ibhiya kunye nabasela imimoya (,,,,,,,).
Isiphelo:
Ukusela i-1 kwi-2 iglasi yewayini ebomvu ngosuku kunokunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo senhliziyo kunye nesifo. Nangona kunjalo, amanani aphezulu anokunyusa umngcipheko.
Ezinye iiNzuzo zeMpilo zokusela iWayini eBomvu
Iwayini ebomvu inxulunyaniswe nezinye izibonelelo zempilo ezininzi, uninzi lwazo zibalelwa kwii-antioxidants zayo ezinamandla.
Ukusetyenziswa kwewayini ebomvu kunxulunyaniswa noku:
- Umngcipheko othotyiweyo womhlaza: Uphononongo lubonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwewayini okuphakathi kuhambelana nokunciphisa umngcipheko wee-cancer ezininzi, kuquka i-colon, i-basal cell, i-ovarian, kunye ne-prostate cancers (,,,,).
- Umngcipheko oncitshisiweyo wesifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo: Ukusela i-1 ukuya kwi-3 yeglasi yewayini ngosuku kuye kwadibaniswa nokunciphisa umngcipheko we-dementia kunye nesifo se-Alzheimer's (,).
- Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokudakumba: Uphononongo lwabantu abaneminyaka ephakathi kunye nabasele bekhulile lubonise ukuba abo basela iiglasi ezi-2 ukuya kwezisi-7 zewayini ngeveki babengenakufane badandatheke (, ).
- Ukunciphisa ukumelana ne-insulin: Ukusela iiglasi ezi-2 ngosuku lwewayini ebomvu eqhelekileyo okanye enxilisayo kwiiveki ezi-4 kunokunciphisa (,).
- Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wohlobo lwe-2 yeswekile kubasetyhini: Ukusetyenziswa ngokulinganayo kwewayini ebomvu kuye kwadibaniswa nomngcipheko oncitshisiweyo wokuphuhlisa uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile kubasetyhini ().
Kubonakala kucacile ukuba umlinganiselo ophakathi wewayini ebomvu ungalunga kuwe. Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho neminye imiba ebalulekileyo engalunganga ekufuneka iqwalaselwe, exoxwa ngezantsi.
Isiphelo:
Ukusetyenziswa ngokuphakathi kwewayini ebomvu kunokunciphisa umngcipheko womhlaza, isifo sengqondo esixhalabisayo kunye nokudakumba. Isenokwandisa uvakalelo lwe-insulin kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa uhlobo lwe-2 yeswekile kubasetyhini.
Iziphumo ezibi zempilo zokusela utywala kakhulu
Nangona umlinganiselo ophakathi wewayini ebomvu unokuba neenzuzo zempilo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunokuba nemiphumo emibi yempilo.
Ezi ziquka:
- Ukuxhomekeka kutywala: Ukusela utywala rhoqo kunokuphuma kulawulo kwaye kukhokelela ekubeni ube likhoboka lotywala ().
- I-cirrhosis yesibindi: Xa ngaphezu kwe-30 grams yotywala (malunga ne-2 ukuya kwi-3 iiglasi zewayini) idliwe imihla ngemihla, umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sesibindi uyanda. Isifo sesibindi sokugqibela, esibizwa ngokuba yi-cirrhosis, sibeka ubomi esichengeni ().
- Ukonyuka komngcipheko wokudakumba: Abasela kakhulu basengozini enkulu yokudandatheka kunabaseli abaphakathi okanye abangaseliyo (, ).
- Ukutyeba kwakho: Iwayini ebomvu iqulethe iikhalori eziphindwe kabini kunebhiya kwaye iswiti. Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo ke ngoko kunokufaka isandla kwi-calorie ephezulu kwaye kukwenze (,).
- Ukonyuka komngcipheko wokufa kunye nokugula: Ukusela iwayini eninzi, nokuba nje 1 ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-3 ngeveki, kunokonyusa umngcipheko wesifo seswekile emadodeni. Ukusetyenziswa kotywala kakhulu kuye kwadibaniswa nomngcipheko wokufa kwangaphambi kwexesha (,,).
Isiphelo:
Ukusetyenziswa ngokugqithiseleyo kweziselo ezinxilisayo kunokukhokelela ekuxhomekekeni kotywala, i-cirrhosis yesibindi kunye nokuzuza ubunzima. Isenokonyusa umngcipheko wokudakumba, ukugula nokufa ngaphambi kwexesha.
Ngaba ufanele usele iwayini ebomvu? Ukuba ewe yimalini?
Ukuba uthanda ukusela iwayini ebomvu, ungakhathazeki ngaphandle kokuba ugqithise isixa esicetyiswayo.
EYurophu naseMelika, ukusetyenziswa okuphakathi kwewayini ebomvu kuqwalaselwa ():
- Iiglasi ezi-1 ukuya kwi-1,5 ngosuku kubasetyhini.
- Iiglasi ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 ngosuku kumadoda.
Eminye imithombo ikwacebisa ukuba ube neentsuku ezi-1 ukuya kwezi-2 ezingenatywala ngeveki.
Gcina ukhumbule ukuba oku kubhekiselele kuyo lilonke ukusetyenziswa kotywala. Sela lomthamo we wayini ebomvu ukongeza kwezinye iziselo ezinxilisayo kunokukubeka ngokulula kuluhlu lokuzinkcinkca ngotywala.
Ukuba unembali yokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi, kuya kufuneka uphephe iwayini kunye naziphi na ezinye iziselo ezinxilisayo ngokupheleleyo. Kwakhona qaphela kakhulu ukuba unembali yosapho yokusela utywala.
Isiphelo:
Ukusetyenziswa ngokulinganayo kwewayini ebomvu kuchazwa njengeglasi e-1 ukuya kwezi-2 ngosuku. Kukwacetyiswa ukuba uchithe ubuncinane iintsuku ezi-1-2 ngeveki ngaphandle kotywala.
Umyalezo wokuthatha
Nangona iwayini ebomvu inxulunyaniswa neenzuzo ezithile zempilo, rien kubo bafanele ukukhuthaza ukuselwa kotywala.
Kukho ezinye ezininzi zokuphucula impilo yakho ezingafuni ukuba utye into enokuba yingozi ().
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukhona ideja usele iwayini ebomvu, ngoko akukho mfuneko yokuyeka (ngaphandle kokuba usela kakhulu).
Logama nje ungaseli ngaphezu kwe-1-2 yeglasi ngosuku, kufuneka ikwenzele okulungileyo kuphela.