Katemera wotsimikiziridwa wolimbana ndi matenda akale ali ndi kuthekera kosangalatsa kuchiza matenda a shuga.
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba omwe adachita nawo kafukufuku wocheperako, wazaka zisanu ndi zitatu ndipo adalandira jakisoni wa katemera wa Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) - womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza chifuwa chachikulu - adawona kuti shuga wawo watsika kwambiri kwazaka zosachepera zisanu.
Katemera wa BCG, yemwe adayamba kupangidwa mu 1908, ndiye chithandizo chomwe chimaperekedwa kwambiri pachifuwa cha chifuwa chachikulu. Amaperekedwa kwa ana oposa 100 miliyoni padziko lonse chaka chilichonse. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pochiza khansa ya m'chikhodzodzo ndi khate.
Kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi ofufuza ku Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) ndiwoyambira, koma zomwe zingachitike ndizofunika.
Dr. Denise Faustman, mlembi wamkulu wa kafukufuku ndi mkulu wa labotale ya immunobiology ya MGH, adauza Healthline kuti katemerayu amapezerapo mwayi pa kuthekera kwa kachilombo koyambitsa TB kulamula chitetezo chamthupi kuti chidye mamolekyu a glucose.
Ananenanso kuti zimalepheretsanso kuyankha kwa autoimmune zomwe zimayambitsa matenda monga matenda a shuga 1, multiple sclerosis ndi fibromyalgia.
"Anthu nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi, muyenera kudya insulin," adatero Faustman. "Tapanga njira ina yochepetsera shuga m'magazi, yomwe ndi yabwino kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito katemera wazaka 100. Izi zimatsekereza kusiyana pakati pa kupatsa insulin kuti muwongolere shuga wamagazi ndikubwezeretsa shuga m'magazi kuti akhale abwinobwino popanda odwala kukhala hypoglycemic, zomwe zingakupheni. »
Mayesero azachipatala a Phase II ovomerezedwa ndi Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ali mkati moyesa katemera wa BCG pagulu lalikulu la odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu woyamba.
Zotsatira za Gawo loyamba la phunziroli, zomwe Faustman adapereka posachedwa pamsonkhano wa American Diabetes Association, zinasindikizidwa m'magazini.
Zamkatimu
Kodi katemera amachita chiyani
Kwa zaka zambiri, ofufuza adziwa kuti BCG imawonjezera kupanga kwa tumor necrosis factor (TNF), yomwe imapha ma cell a autoreactive T omwe amaukira minyewa yamthupi - ma pancreatic islets, amtundu woyamba wa shuga.
Zimawonjezeranso kupanga ma T cell owongolera, omwe amalepheretsa kuyankha kwa autoimmune.
Masitepe onsewa amathandiza kuteteza kachilombo ka TB kakakhala m'mapapo a munthu.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, Faustman ndi anzake adapeza kuti kupereka katemera wa BCG kunayambitsanso kusintha kwa momwe thupi limagwiritsira ntchito shuga, motero kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi "kudya" shuga ndi kuchepetsa mlingo.
Chithandizo cha BCG, chomwe chimaperekedwa pamatemera awiri motalikirana milungu inayi, poyamba chinali ndi zotsatira zochepa.
Koma shuga m'magazi a odwala adatsika ndi 10% patatha zaka zitatu atalandira chithandizo komanso kupitilira 18% patatha zaka zinayi.
Zaka zisanu ndi zitatu pambuyo pake, odwala omwe adalandira chithandizo anali ndi shuga wambiri wamagazi (HbA1c) wa 6,65, pafupi ndi 6,5 omwe adawona kuti ndi njira yodziwira matenda a shuga.
Mawu ochepa ochenjeza
Ofufuzawo adanenanso kuti palibe milandu yambiri ya hypoglycemia kapena kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi.
Gulu lophunzirira linali laling'ono - anthu asanu ndi anayi omwe adakwanitsa zaka zisanu ndi atatu pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu.
Izi zadziwika ndi American Diabetes Association ndi Joslin Diabetes Center.
"Pazonse, zotsatira zake zimadzutsa mafunso ochititsa chidwi, koma osati mayankho omveka bwino, ndipo samapereka umboni wokwanira wachipatala kuti uthandizire kusintha kulikonse kovomerezeka kwa mankhwala panthawiyi," malinga ndi ndemanga yogwirizana ndi mabungwe ogwirizana.
"Chomwe chili chosangalatsa pa kafukufuku wa BCG ndikuti mankhwala osavuta, otsika mtengo komanso otetezeka kwa nthawi yayitali angathandize kuchiza matenda oopsa, osachiritsika," Laurie Endicott Thomas, wolemba mabukuwa, adauza Healthline pa katemera ndi matenda a shuga.
“Komabe, pali chifukwa chokayikira. Ngati milingo iwiri ya katemera wa BCG imachiritsadi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, chifukwa chiyani palibe amene adazindikirapo izi? BCG yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa pafupifupi zaka zana. ”
Faustman adauza Healthline kuti mlingo umodzi wa BCG sungakhale wokwanira kusintha shuga m'magazi.
Komabe, adanenanso kuti kafukufuku waku Turkey adapeza kuti matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba adachepa mwa ana omwe adalandira katemera wa BCG katatu poyerekeza ndi omwe adalandira katemera mmodzi kapena awiri pansi pa njira zodzitetezera mdziko muno.
Anthu akhala akudwala chifuwa chachikulu kwa zaka zikwi zambiri - pali umboni wa matendawa pakati pa Neanderthals - malinga ndi Faustman.
Izi zitha kufotokozera chifukwa chake kachilomboka kamakhala ndi njira yodzitchinjiriza yokhazikika, yokhazikika m'thupi la munthu.
Kuyang'ana chitetezo cha mthupi
Mpaka zaka za zana la 20, anthu adakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kachilomboka kudzera muzakudya ndi madzi, Faustman adatero. Katemera wa BCG "amabwezeretsanso chikhalidwe - ichi ndi chinthu chomwe, m'madera amakono, sichikhalanso ndi ife".
Izi zikugwirizana ndi malingaliro apano akuti kuchuluka kwa matenda odziyimira pawokha kumatha kulumikizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mopitilira muyeso kwa antibacterial ndi antiviral agents komanso kuchepa kwa poizoni wachilengedwe, zomwe zimakhala zopindulitsa pazamoyo wathanzi mthupi la munthu.
Kafukufuku wofananirako, pomwe ofufuza ku chipatala cha Massachusetts General adayambitsa matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 mwa mbewa, adapezanso kuti BCG imatha kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi, kuwonetsa kuti mankhwalawa amatha kugwira ntchito ngakhale ndi matendawa.
Komabe, Thomas akugogomezera kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri sayenera kudikira kuti alandire katemera, chifukwa kuchepa thupi pazifukwa zilizonse kungathe kuchiza matendawa.
“Izi zithanso kuthetsedwa mwa kudya zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso zopatsa mphamvu zambiri. Chakudya chochokera ku zomera chokhala ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi chimathandizira kwambiri kuwongolera shuga wamagazi, ngakhale munthu asanaonde kwambiri,” adatero.