Kukhala wopanda gluteni kungakhale njira yayikulu kwambiri yathanzi mzaka khumi zapitazi, koma pali chisokonezo ngati gluten ndizovuta kwa aliyense kapena omwe ali ndi matenda ena.
N’zoonekeratu kuti anthu ena ayenera kupewa zimenezi chifukwa cha thanzi, monga anthu amene ali ndi matenda a celiac kapena kusalolera.
Komabe, ambiri m'dziko lathanzi ndi thanzi amati aliyense ayenera kutsatira zakudya zopanda thanzi, kaya ali ndi tsankho kapena ayi.
Izi zapangitsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri kusiya gilateni ndi chiyembekezo chochepa thupi, kusintha malingaliro awo, ndikukhala athanzi.
Komabe, mungadabwe ngati njira zimenezi n’zochirikizidwa ndi sayansi.
Nkhaniyi ikukuuzani ngati gluten ndi yoyipa kwambiri kwa inu.
Zamkatimu
Gluten ndi chiyani?
Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amatengedwa ngati gulu limodzi, gluten ndi mawu ophatikizana omwe amatanthauza mitundu yambiri ya mapuloteni (prolamins) omwe amapezeka tirigu, balere, rye, ndi triticale (mtanda pakati pa tirigu ndi rye) ().
Ma prolamin osiyanasiyana alipo, koma onse ndi ogwirizana ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe ndi katundu wofanana. Ma prolamin akuluakulu mu tirigu ndi gliadin ndi glutenin, pomwe chachikulu mu balere ndi hordein ().
Mapuloteni a Gluten, monga glutenin ndi gliadin, ndi otanuka kwambiri, chifukwa chake mbewu za gluten ndizoyenera kupanga mkate ndi zinthu zina zophikidwa.
Ndipotu, gilateni yowonjezera mu mawonekedwe a ufa wotchedwa gluten wofunikira wa tirigu nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa ku zinthu zophikidwa kuti awonjezere mphamvu, kukula ndi moyo wa alumali wa mankhwala omalizidwa.
Mbewu ndi zakudya zokhala ndi gluten zimapanga gawo lalikulu la , ndikuyerekeza kudya kwazakudya zaku Western mozungulira 5 mpaka 20 magalamu patsiku ().
Mapuloteni a Gluten amalimbana kwambiri ndi ma enzymes a protease omwe amaphwanya mapuloteni m'matumbo anu.
Kusakwanira kwa kugaya kwa mapuloteni kumalola ma peptides - mayunitsi akuluakulu a mapuloteni, omwe ndi zitsulo zomanga mapuloteni - kudutsa m'matumbo aang'ono kulowa m'thupi lanu lonse.
Izi zitha kuyambitsa mayankho a chitetezo chamthupi omwe awonetsedwa pazinthu zingapo zokhudzana ndi gluten, monga matenda a celiac ().
Pitilizani
Gluten ndi liwu lodziwika bwino la banja la mapuloteni otchedwa prolamin. Mapuloteniwa amalimbana ndi chigayo cha munthu.
Kusalolera kwa Gluten
Mawuwa amatanthauza mitundu itatu ya mikhalidwe ().
Ngakhale kuti zotsatirazi zili ndi zofanana, zimasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi chiyambi, chitukuko, ndi kuuma kwake.
Matenda a Celiac
Celiac matenda ndi kutupa autoimmune matenda chifukwa cha majini ndi chilengedwe zinthu. Zimakhudza pafupifupi 1% ya anthu padziko lapansi.
Komabe, m'mayiko monga Finland, Mexico ndi anthu enaake ku North Africa, chiwerengerochi chikuyembekezeka kukhala chokwera kwambiri - pafupifupi 2-5% (, ).
Ndi matenda osatha omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kudya chimanga chokhala ndi gluten mwa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto. Ngakhale kuti matenda a celiac amakhudza machitidwe ambiri m'thupi lanu, amaonedwa kuti ndi matenda otupa a m'matumbo aang'ono.
Kudya mbewuzi mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a celiac kumawononga ma enterocyte, omwe ndi maselo omwe amamanga matumbo anu aang'ono. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa matumbo, kuchepa kwa michere, komanso zizindikiro monga kuchepa thupi komanso kutsekula m'mimba ().
Zizindikiro zina za matenda a celiac zimaphatikizapo kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kufooka kwa mafupa, matenda a ubongo, ndi matenda a khungu, monga dermatitis. Komabe anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a celiac sangakhale ndi zizindikiro (,).
Matendawa amapezeka ndi matumbo a m'mimba - amaonedwa kuti ndi "golide" wofufuza matenda a celiac - kapena kuyesa magazi kwa ma genotypes kapena ma antibodies. Pakalipano, mankhwala okhawo a matendawa ndi kupewa kwathunthu gilateni ().
Chiwopsezo cha tirigu
Kusagwirizana kwa tirigu kumakhala kofala kwambiri mwa ana, koma kumakhudzanso akuluakulu. Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la tirigu amakhala ndi chitetezo chamthupi chosagwirizana ndi mapuloteni enieni a tirigu ndi tirigu ().
Zizindikiro zimatha kuchokera ku nseru pang'ono kupita ku anaphylaxis yoopsa komanso yowopsa - yomwe ingayambitse kupuma movutikira - mutamwa tirigu kapena pokoka ufa wa tirigu.
Kusagwirizana kwa tirigu ndi kosiyana ndi matenda a celiac, ndipo ndizotheka kukhala ndi mikhalidwe yonseyi.
Kusagwirizana kwa tirigu nthawi zambiri kumadziwika ndi matupi awo pogwiritsa ntchito kuyesa magazi kapena khungu.
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Anthu ambiri amawonetsa zizindikiro atadya gilateni, ngakhale alibe matenda a celiac kapena kusagwirizana ndi tirigu ().
Non-celiac (NCGS) amapezeka pamene munthu alibe chimodzi mwazomwe zili pamwambazi koma amakhalabe ndi zizindikiro za m'mimba ndi zizindikiro zina - monga kupweteka kwa mutu, kutopa ndi kupweteka pamodzi - akamadya gluten ().
Matenda a Celiac ndi kusagwirizana kwa tirigu kuyenera kupewedwa pozindikira NCGS chifukwa zizindikiro zimadutsa muzochitika zonsezi.
Mofanana ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a celiac kapena omwe ali ndi vuto la tirigu, anthu omwe ali ndi NCGS amasonyeza zizindikiro zabwino potsatira zakudya zopanda thanzi.
Pitilizani
Kusalolera kwa Gluten kumatanthauza matenda a celiac, ziwengo za tirigu ndi CGS. Ngakhale kuti zizindikiro zina zimadutsana, mikhalidwe imeneyi imakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu.
Anthu ena omwe angapindule ndi zakudya zopanda gluteni
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kutsatira zakudya zopanda gilateni kumathandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi zochitika zingapo. Akatswiri ena agwirizanitsanso ndi kupewa matenda enaake.
Matenda a Autoimmune
Pali malingaliro angapo okhudza chifukwa chake gluten ingayambitse kapena kukulitsa matenda a autoimmune, monga Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Type 1 shuga mellitus, Grave's disease, ndi nyamakazi ya nyamakazi.
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti matenda a autoimmune amagawana majini wamba komanso njira zoteteza chitetezo ku .
Kuyerekeza kwa mamolekyulu ndi njira yomwe yanenedwa ngati njira yomwe gluten imayambitsira kapena kukulitsa matenda a autoimmune. Apa ndi pamene antigen yachilendo - chinthu chomwe chimalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi - chimagawana zofanana ndi ma antigen m'thupi lanu ().
Kudya zakudya zomwe zili ndi ma antigen ofananawa kungayambitse kupanga ma antibodies omwe amakhudzidwa ndi antigen yomwe yalowetsedwa komanso minofu ya thupi lanu ().
M'malo mwake, matenda a celiac amalumikizidwa ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi matenda ena odziyimira pawokha ndipo amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena a autoimmune ().
Mwachitsanzo, kufalikira kwa matenda a celiac akuyerekeza kuwirikiza kanayi kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi Hashimoto's thyroiditis - matenda a autoimmune - kuposa anthu onse ().
Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wambiri akuwonetsa kuti zakudya zopanda thanzi zimapindulitsa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a autoimmune ().
Zinthu zina
Gluten yakhala ikugwirizananso ndi matenda a m'mimba, monga (IBS) ndi matenda opatsirana (IBD), omwe amaphatikizapo matenda a Crohn ndi ulcerative colitis ().
Kuphatikiza apo, zawonetsedwa kuti zikusintha mabakiteriya am'matumbo ndikuwonjezera matumbo am'mimba mwa anthu omwe ali ndi IBD ndi IBS ().
Pomaliza, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti zakudya zopanda gluteni zimapindulitsa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ena, monga fibromyalgia, endometriosis, ndi schizophrenia ().
Pitilizani
Kafukufuku wambiri amagwirizanitsa gilateni ndi kuyambika ndi kupitirira kwa matenda a autoimmune ndikuwonetsa kuti kupewa kungakhale kopindulitsa pazinthu zina, kuphatikizapo IBD ndi IBS.
Kodi aliyense ayenera kupewa gluten?
Zikuwonekeratu kuti anthu ambiri, monga omwe ali ndi matenda a celiac, CNS, ndi matenda a autoimmune, amapindula ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi.
Komabe, sizikudziwika ngati aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za thanzi lake, asinthe kadyedwe kake.
Ziphunzitso zingapo zapangidwa kuti zifotokoze chifukwa chake thupi la munthu silingathe kuthana ndi gluten. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti njira zogayitsa chakudya za anthu sizinasinthe kuti zigaye mtundu kapena kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ambewu omwe amapezeka muzakudya zamakono.
Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa gawo lotheka la mapuloteni ena atirigu, monga (mitundu yeniyeni yamafuta), trypsin amylase inhibitors, ndi majeremusi a tirigu agglutinins, pothandizira kuzizindikiro zokhudzana ndi CNS.
Izi zikuwonetsa kuyankha kovutirapo kwachilengedwe kwa tirigu ().
Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amapewa gluten chawonjezeka kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, deta ya US kuchokera ku National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) imasonyeza kuti kufalikira kwa kupewa kupitirira katatu kuchokera ku 2009 mpaka 2014 ().
Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi NCGS omwe amayesedwa olamulidwa, matendawa amatsimikiziridwa pafupifupi 16-30% (, ).
Komabe, chifukwa zifukwa za zizindikiro za NCGS sizidziwika ndipo kuyesa kwa NCGS sikunakwaniritsidwebe, chiwerengero cha anthu omwe angagwirizane ndi gluten sichidziwika ().
Ngakhale pali kukakamizidwa koonekeratu m'dziko lathanzi ndi thanzi kuti tipewe gluten pa thanzi lonse - zomwe zimakhudza kutchuka kwa gluten - palinso umboni wochuluka wakuti kufalikira kwa NCGS kukuwonjezeka.
Pakalipano, njira yokhayo yodziwira ngati mungapindule nokha ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi mutatha kuthetsa matenda a celiac ndi vuto la tirigu ndikupewa gluten ndikuwunika zizindikiro zanu.
Pitilizani
Pakadali pano, kuyesa kodalirika kwa NCGS sikupezeka. Njira yokhayo yowonera ngati mungapindule ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi ndikupewa gluten ndikuwunika zizindikiro zanu.
Chifukwa chiyani anthu ambiri amamva bwino
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe anthu ambiri amamva bwino pazakudya zopanda gluteni.
Choyamba, kupewa gilateni nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizapo kuchepetsa kudya kwa gilateni, chifukwa kumapezeka muzakudya zambiri zokonzedwa bwino, monga chakudya chofulumira, zophika, ndi chimanga.
Zakudya izi sizingokhala ndi gilateni, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhalanso ndi zopatsa mphamvu zambiri, shuga komanso mafuta osapatsa thanzi.
Anthu ambiri amanena kuti amawonda ndipo amakhala ndi ululu wochepa wamagulu pa zakudya zopanda gluten. N’kutheka kuti ubwino umenewu umabwera chifukwa chosiya zakudya zopanda thanzi.
Mwachitsanzo, zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi mafuta oyeretsedwa ndi shuga zakhala zikugwirizana ndi kulemera kwa thupi, kutopa, kupweteka pamodzi, kuchepa kwa maganizo, ndi mavuto a m'mimba, zizindikiro zonse zogwirizana ndi NCGS (,,,).
Kuonjezera apo, anthu nthawi zambiri amalowetsa zakudya zomwe zili ndi gluteni ndi zosankha zathanzi, monga masamba, zipatso, mafuta athanzi, ndi mapuloteni, zomwe zingapangitse thanzi ndi thanzi.
Kuonjezera apo, zizindikiro za m'mimba zimatha kusintha chifukwa cha kuchepetsa kudya kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga FODMAPs (zakudya zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a m'mimba monga kuphulika ndi mpweya) ().
Ngakhale kusintha kwa zizindikiro pazakudya zopanda gilateni kungakhale kogwirizana ndi NCGS, kusinthaku kungakhalenso chifukwa cha zifukwa zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa kapena kuphatikiza ziwirizi.
Pitilizani
Kudula zakudya zomwe zili ndi gilateni zimatha kukhala ndi thanzi labwino pazifukwa zingapo, zina zomwe sizingakhale zosagwirizana ndi gluten.
Kodi zakudya izi ndizotetezeka?
Ngakhale akatswiri ambiri azaumoyo akuwonetsa kuti ayi, kutsatira zakudya zopanda gluten ndikwanzeru, ngakhale kwa anthu omwe safunikira.
Kudula tirigu ndi mbewu zina kapena zinthu zokhala ndi gluten sikudzakhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa za thanzi, bola ngati mankhwalawa asinthidwa ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
Zakudya zonse zomwe zimapezeka mumbewu za gluten, monga mavitamini a B, fiber, zinki, chitsulo ndi potaziyamu, zimatha kusinthidwa mosavuta ndikutsatira ndondomeko yoyenera yomwe imakhala ndi masamba, zipatso, mafuta athanzi komanso mapuloteni opatsa thanzi.
Kodi zinthu zopanda gluteni ndizabwino?
Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti chifukwa chakuti chinthu chilibe gluten sichikutanthauza kuti ndi chathanzi.
Makampani ambiri amagulitsa makeke opanda gluteni, makeke, ndi zakudya zina zokonzedwa bwino monga zathanzi kuposa anzawo omwe ali ndi gluteni.
Ndipotu, kafukufuku wina anapeza kuti 65% ya anthu a ku America amaganiza kuti zakudya zopanda thanzi zimakhala zathanzi, ndipo 27% amasankha kudya ().
Ngakhale kuti zinthu zopanda gluteni zasonyezedwa kuti ndizopindulitsa kwa iwo omwe amazifuna, sizikhala zathanzi kusiyana ndi zomwe zili ndi gluten.
Ndipo ngakhale kutsatira zakudya zopanda gluteni ndizotetezeka, kumbukirani kuti zakudya zilizonse zomwe zimadalira kwambiri zakudya zowonongeka sizingakhale ndi thanzi labwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, timadzifunsabe ngati kukhazikitsidwa kwa zakudya izi ndi kopindulitsa pa thanzi la anthu popanda tsankho.
Pamene kafukufuku m'derali akukula, ndizotheka kuti ubale pakati pa gluteni ndi zotsatira zake pa thanzi labwino zidzamveka bwino. Kufikira nthaŵiyo, ndi inu nokha amene mungasankhe ngati kulipeŵa kuli kopindulitsa pa zosoŵa zanu zaumwini.
Pitilizani
Ngakhale ndizotetezeka kutsatira zakudya zopanda gilateni, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti zinthu zopangidwa popanda gilateni sizikhala zathanzi kuposa zomwe zili ndi gilateni.
Mfundo yofunika kwambiri
Kutsatira zakudya zopanda gilateni ndikofunikira kwa ena komanso kusankha kwa ena.
Ubale pakati pa gluten ndi thanzi lonse ndi wovuta ndipo kafukufuku akupitirirabe.
Gluten yalumikizidwa ndi autoimmune, kugaya chakudya ndi mavuto ena azaumoyo. Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ayenera kupewa kapena kupewa gluten, sizikudziwikabe ngati zakudya zopanda thanzi zimapindulitsa anthu opanda tsankho.
Popeza pakali pano palibe mayeso olondola okhudzana ndi kusalolera komanso kupewa gluten sikumawononga thanzi, mutha kuyesa kuti muwone ngati zimakupangitsani kumva bwino.
