Les nā meaʻai palaho ʻole , e like me nā mea hiki a me nā hua maloʻo, lōʻihi ke ola o ka mālama ʻana a ʻaʻole pono i ka friji e pale aku iā lākou mai ka palaha. Akā, hiki ke mālama ʻia i loko o ka lumi wela, e like me ka pantry a i ʻole ke keʻena ().
ʻAʻole kēia wale nā mea kīhini maʻamau, akā kaulana pū lākou me nā backpackers a me nā mea hoʻomoana ʻaʻole hiki ke lawe mai i nā meaʻai palaho e like me nā ʻiʻo hou, nā huahana waiu, a me nā mea kanu ma ke ala.
Hoʻohui ʻia, pono nā waiwai hiki ʻole ke hoʻopau ʻia i nā kūlana ulia pōpilikia a makemake ʻia e nā hui aloha e hānai a hāʻawi i nā mea kūʻai aku i ka poʻe e kū nei i ka home ʻole a i ʻole ka palekana o ka meaʻai.
ʻOiai ua hoʻopili ʻia kekahi mau mea e like me ka macaroni pahu pahu a me ka paʻakai me nā preservatives a me nā mea pono ʻole ʻē aʻe, loaʻa kekahi mau meaʻai momona, ʻaʻole palaho.
Eia he 12 o na mea ai hiki ole ke ola kino.
Ka papa o nā mea
1. ʻO nā pīni maloʻo a hiki ke hiki
Me ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana a me ka nui o nā meaʻai meaʻai, ʻo nā pīni maloʻo a me nā pīni he mau koho meaʻai hiki ʻole ke pala. Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā pīni hiki ke mālama ʻia ma ka lumi wela no 2 a 5 mau makahiki aʻo ka pī maloʻo hiki ke lōʻihi i 10 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha, ma muli o ka pūʻolo ().
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina i mālama ʻia a hiki i 30 mau makahiki i manaʻo ʻia he ʻai e 80% o nā kānaka ma kahi papa hoʻohana meaʻai pilikia ().
ʻO nā pīni kahi kumu maikaʻi loa o ka fiber, magnesium, nā hua B, manganese, hao, phosphorus, zinc a me ke keleawe. Hoʻohui maikaʻi lākou me ka hapa nui o nā meaʻai a hana i nā mea hoʻohui puʻuwai i nā sopa, nā kīʻaha palaoa, a me nā salakeke ().
2. ʻAi ʻai
ʻO ka ʻai ʻana o nā hua ʻai he ʻono, ʻono.
ʻOiai hiki ke hoʻololi i ke ola o ka mālama ʻana i ka mālama ʻana, e mālama ʻia ka mea kūʻai aku a hiki i 9 mau mahina ma ke ana wela. ʻO ka pāpaʻi pīkī maoli, ʻaʻohe mea mālama, hiki i 3 mau mahina ma 50°C (10°C) a me 1 mahina wale nō ma 77°C (25°C) (, ).
Wahi a ka United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), e mau ana ka pata ʻalemona a hiki i 1 makahiki ma ke ana wela a hiki i ka 3 mahina ().
He kumu waiwai nā ʻōpala o nā momona maikaʻi, nā protein, nā huaora, nā minerala a me nā pūhui mea kanu ikaika, me nā phenolics, ka mea e pale ai i kou kino mai ke koʻikoʻi oxidative a me ka pōʻino i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā molekala paʻa ʻole i kapa ʻia nā radical manuahi ().
Hiki ke mālama ʻia nā kīʻaha nut butter i loko o kāu hale lole ʻoiai hiki ke lawe ʻia nā ʻeke liʻiliʻi i ka hele wāwae a i ʻole kahi hoʻomoana no kahi kīʻaha ma ka hele ʻana.
3. Nā hua maloʻo a me nā mea kanu
ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu hou he pōkole ke ola, ua manaʻo ʻia nā hua maloʻo ʻaʻole palaho. Ke mālama pono ʻia, hiki ke mālama pono ʻia ka hapa nui ma ka lumi wela a hiki i 1 makahiki, a hiki ke mālama ʻia nā lau maloʻo no ka hapalua o ka manawa (,,).
Hiki iā ʻoe ke koho mai nā ʻano huaʻai maloʻo a me nā mea kanu, me nā ʻāpala maloʻo, nā ʻāpala, nā tōmato a me nā kāloti. Hiki nō hoʻi iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka dehydrator a i ʻole ka umu e hana i kāu mau huaʻai maloʻo a me nā lau ʻai. Hiki ke kōkua i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana o ka vacuum i ka pale ʻana i ka palaha.
Hiki ke ʻai ʻia nā huaʻai maloʻo a me nā lau ʻai ma ke ʻano he meaʻai a hoʻohui ʻia i ka hui ʻana. Eia hou, hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ʻia nā huaʻai maloʻo ma ka hoʻohui ʻana iā lākou i nā sopa a i ʻole nā stews inā ʻaʻole loaʻa nā hua hou.
4. Ka iʻa a me ka moa i kāpī ʻia
ʻOiai he waiwai nā huaʻai hou a me nā moa i nā meaʻai, hiki ke palaho. Eia nō naʻe, hiki ke mālama pono ʻia nā ʻano ʻano canned me ka ʻole o ka refrigeration no ka wā lōʻihi - a hiki i 5 mau makahiki ma ke ana wela ().
a kūʻai ʻia aku nā meaʻai iʻa ʻē aʻe i loko o nā pūʻolo māmā i kapa ʻia nā ʻeke retort, i kūpono no nā waihona liʻiliʻi a me nā ʻeke ʻeke. Loaʻa i ka iʻa iʻa i loko o nā ʻeke sterilizable ke ola a hiki i ka 18 mahina ().
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka moa a me nā ʻiʻo ʻē aʻe i loko o nā ʻeke retort, akā pono ʻoe e nānā i ka ʻeke no ka ʻike ola.
5. Nati a me na anoano
ʻO nā nati a me nā ʻanoʻano he mea lawe lima, paʻa i nā meaʻai, a paʻa i ka papa, e lilo ia mau mea i meaʻai nui ʻole. Makemake ʻia e ka poʻe hele wāwae a me nā backpackers no nā meaʻai momona kiʻekiʻe, maikaʻi nō hoʻi lākou i ka lima no kēlā me kēia kūlana.
Ma ka awelika, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā nati ma kahi o 4 mau mahina ke mālama ʻia ma kahi a i ʻole kokoke i ke ana wela o ka lumi (68°C a i ʻole 20°C), ʻoiai ʻokoʻa ke ola o ka papa ma waena o ().
No ka laʻana, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā cashews no 6 mahina ma 68°C (20°C) ʻoiai ʻo lākou e mau ana no XNUMX mahina ma ka mahana like ().
He like ke ola o na hua. Wahi a ka USDA, noho hou nā hua paukena no 6 mau mahina ma ke ana wela ().
6. Ka palaoa
E like me ka oats, ka laiki a me ka bale, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola o ka mālama ʻana ma mua o nā kumu waiʻapona kaulana akā palaho e like me ka berena, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i koho akamai no ka mālama ʻana i nā meaʻai lōʻihi.
No ka laʻana, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka laiki ʻeleʻele ma 50–70°C (10–21°C) a hiki i 3 mahina a hiki i 6 mahina ma ke ana wela (,).
Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā kīʻaha i nā soup, salads a me nā casseroles, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea maʻalahi, ʻaʻole palaho. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻai ʻana i nā kīʻaha holoʻokoʻa hiki ke hōʻemi i kou pilikia o ka maʻi maʻi type 2, ka maʻi puʻuwai, a me kekahi mau maʻi maʻi maʻi ().
7. ʻO nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai hiki ke hiki
Ua hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia ka canning e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o nā meaʻai palaho, me nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu.
ʻO ka wela i hoʻohana ʻia i ka wā hiki ke pepehi i nā microorganism hiki ke hoʻopōʻino, a ʻo ke sila ʻano o nā meaʻai hiki ke pale i nā hua bacteria hou mai ka hao ʻana i nā mea i loko ().
ʻO ke ola o nā huaʻai a me nā meaʻai hiki ke pili i ke ʻano o ka huahana.
No ka laʻana, ʻo nā mea kanu kīwī haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, me ka ʻuala, kāloti, beets, a me ka spinach, i hala 2 a 5 mau makahiki ma ka lumi wela ().
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā hua ʻakika nui e like me ka grapefruit, nā ʻāpala, nā pīkī, nā hua, a me ka pineapple wale nō ka lōʻihi o 12 a 18 mau mahina. Pēlā nō i nā mea kanu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka vīnega, e like me ka salakeke ʻuala Kelemania a me nā huaʻai pickled ʻē aʻe ().
I ke kūʻai ʻana, koho i nā hua kini i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka wai a i ʻole 100% wai huaʻai ma mua o ka syrup kaumaha, a koho i nā mea kanu hiki ke hiki.
Inā maalea ʻoe i ka lumi kuke, e noʻonoʻo ma ka home me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu i kūʻai ʻia ma ka hale kūʻai. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe maopopo pehea e hana ai, hiki iā ʻoe ke nīnau i nā puke he nui a i ʻole nā haʻawina ma ka pūnaewele.
8. Heke
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻiʻo kahi hana i hoʻohana ʻia mai ka wā kahiko e pale ai i nā kumu protein mai ka palaha. Ma ke ʻano kikoʻī, hana ʻia ka jerky ma ka hoʻōla ʻana i ka ʻiʻo i loko o ka wai paʻakai a laila hoʻomaloʻo ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia nā preservatives, nā mea ʻono a me nā mea like i ka wā e hana ai.
Loaʻa nā ʻano ʻano jerky, me ka pipi, ka moa a me ka bufalo. Aia kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe i hana ʻia mai ka niu, ka maiʻa, a me ka naka. ʻO kēlā ʻōlelo, e hoʻomanaʻo ʻaʻole kūpono kēia mau mea ʻai me nā jerkies i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka ʻiʻo.
Hiki ke mālama pono ʻia ka jerky pāʻoihana i loko o ka hale lole a hiki i ka makahiki 1, ʻoiai ke paipai nei ka USDA e mālama ʻia ka jerky homemade ma ka lumi wela a hiki i 2 mahina ().
Hiki ke le'ale'a 'ia kekahi 'ano o ka jerky, akā, 'o nā koho maika'i loa 'o ia ka po'e i loa'a 'ole ke kō i ho'ohui 'ia, nā mea 'ono a me nā mea mālama.
9. ʻO Granola a me nā pahu protein
He meaʻai koho ʻia nā kīʻaha cereal a me ka protein no ka poʻe backpackers a me nā mea hele wāwae no ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola ʻana a me ke ʻano meaʻai.
Nui nā pahu granola e noho hou a hiki i 1 makahiki ma ka lumi wela. Pēlā nō, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā pā palaka i ke ola o ka liʻiliʻi o 1 makahiki, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana pilikino no ka ʻike pau ʻana (,).
Eia kekahi, hiki i ka granola a me ka protein bar ke lilo i meaʻai nui no kou lōʻihi. E ʻimi i nā lama i piha i nā mea momona, e like me ka ʻoʻa, nā nati a me nā hua maloʻo, a loaʻa ka liʻiliʻi o nā kō a me nā mea hana.
10. Supa
He koho maikaʻi loa nā soup canned a maloʻo i ka wā e mālama ai i kāu hale lole. Makemake ʻia lākou e nā hui hāʻawi meaʻai.
He haʻahaʻa ka waika ka hapa nui o nā sopa canned a hiki ke mālama ʻia a hiki i 5 mau makahiki ma ke ana wela. He ʻokoʻa nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole he 18 mahina ().
ʻOiai ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hui sopa maloʻo a hiki i 1 makahiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e nānā i nā lepili no nā lā pau.
E koho i nā kopa momona i nā mea olakino e like me nā mea kanu a me nā pī, a koho i nā huahana haʻahaʻa-sodium inā hiki, no ka mea hiki ke hōʻino i kou olakino.
11. ʻAʻai maloʻo maloʻo
Hoʻohana ka hoʻomaloʻo maloʻo i ka sublimation, kahi kaʻina i hoʻololi pololei ʻia ka hau i ka mahu, e hoʻoneʻe i ka wai mai ka meaʻai a lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka lumi wela. Ua kaulana nā meaʻai maloʻo maloʻo i waena o ka poʻe backpackers ma muli o ko lākou kaumaha māmā a me ka lawe ʻana ().
Hoʻolālā ʻia nā meaʻai maloʻo maloʻo a me nā meaʻai maloʻo maloʻo no ka mālama lōʻihi - me kekahi mau huahana i loaʻa i ka ʻono ʻono 30 makahiki ().
Nui nā hui, me a, hoʻomākaukau i nā meaʻai maloʻo maloʻo ʻono ʻaʻole olakino wale nō akā kūpono no nā meaʻai kikoʻī.
12. ʻO ka waiū lōʻihi a me ka waiū waiʻole
ʻOiai ʻo ka waiū hou a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe e like me ka waiu ʻalemona a me ka waiu niu e pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka friji, e mālama ʻia ka waiū paʻa a me nā mea he nui i ka lumi wela.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka waiū kūpaʻa a i ʻole ka waiu aseptic ma kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa ma mua o ka waiū maʻamau no ka mea ua wela ia i nā wela kiʻekiʻe a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā pahu sterile ().
Ua ʻike ʻia e hoʻokahi haʻawina ʻo ka waiu paʻa paʻa he 9 mau mahina ke mālama ʻia ma 40–68” (4–20”) ().
ʻO nā mea inu mea kanu e like me ka waiu soy i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā mea palupalu, me ka plastik, ka pepa a me ka aluminika, hiki nō hoʻi i 10 mau mahina, ʻoiai ʻo nā meaʻai hiki ke mālama ʻia a hiki i 5 mau makahiki ma ka lumi wela. ambient (,).
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā waiū paʻa paʻa a me nā mea kanu ke loaʻa ʻole ka pahu hau. ʻO ka waiu pauda kahi koho maikaʻi, me ka manaʻo ʻia he 3 a 5 mau makahiki ke mālama ʻia i kahi anuanu a pouli. Hiki ke hoʻopiha ʻia me ka wai maʻemaʻe i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e like me ka mea e pono ai ().
ka hapanui o
Les nā meaʻai palaho ʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi a pono i nā kūlana he nui.
Inā makemake ʻoe e hāʻawi i nā mea i ke aloha, hoʻomākaukau no nā pilikia pilikia, kūʻai a kūʻai wale paha i kāu hale lole, hiki iā ʻoe ke koho mai ka nui o nā meaʻai olakino ʻaʻole pono i ka refrigeration.
